While most people are familiar with speech and language disorders for children, it’s important to understand that many of these disorders can also affect adults. Untreated, the consequences of these disorders can affect both personal and professional aspects of life.
In this article we will discuss:
Fortunately, by understanding these conditions, you can help in seeking appropriate treatment and support. So, in this article, we’ll explore the five most common speech and language disorders in adults:
● Stuttering
● Dysarthria
● Apraxia of Speech
● Aphasia
● Voice Disorders
Stuttering
Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by disruptions in the flow of speech. These disruptions can take the form of repetitions of sounds, syllables, or words, prolongations of
sounds, and blocks of silence where speech is physically difficult to produce. Adults who stutter may experience these interruptions more frequently in situations of stress or anxiety, which can further exacerbate the condition.
Stuttering often begins in childhood, but it can persist into adulthood. The exact cause is
unknown, though it’s believed to be related to a combination of genetic, developmental, and neurological factors. While there is no cure for stuttering, various therapies can help manage the condition.
Techniques such as speech therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and the use of electronic
devices to improve fluency are common treatment options. Adults with stuttering may also
benefit from support groups and self-help strategies to build confidence in their communication skills.
Seek professional support today to improve communication
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that results from weakness, paralysis, or incoordination of the muscles used in speech. It often presents as slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to understand. Dysarthria can be caused by neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
There are several types of dysarthria, each associated with different neurological damage. For instance, spastic dysarthria is often caused by damage to the motor cortex, while flaccid
dysarthria is linked to damage in the cranial nerves.
Treatment for dysarthria focuses on improving communication abilities. Speech therapy is the primary approach, where exercises are used to strengthen speech muscles, improve breath control, and enhance articulation. In some cases, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices may be recommended for those with severe speech impairment.
Apraxia of Speech
Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder where the brain struggles to plan and
coordinate the movements necessary for speech. Unlike dysarthria, where muscle weakness is the issue, apraxia is related to the brain’s ability to send correct signals to the speech muscles. This disorder can cause difficulty in saying sounds, syllables, and words, leading to inconsistent errors in speech production.
AOS can be caused by brain injury, stroke, or neurological diseases, and it is often associated with other language or motor disorders. The severity of apraxia can vary widely among individuals.
Treatment for apraxia typically involves intensive speech therapy that focuses on improving the sequencing of movements needed for speech. Therapy may also include the use of visual and auditory cues to help the person produce sounds correctly. In some cases, alternative communication methods may be used to supplement speech.
Aphasia
Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate. It typically occurs after a stroke or other brain injury that damages the language centers of the brain. Aphasia can impact speech, understanding of language, reading, and writing. There are different types of aphasia, with varying levels of severity.
● Broca’s aphasia: Characterized by difficulty in speech production. Speech is usually
slow and laborious, with frequent errors in grammar, though comprehension is often
preserved.
● Wernicke’s aphasia: Involves fluent but nonsensical speech and significant difficulty in
understanding language.
● Global aphasia: A severe form where both speech production and comprehension are
profoundly impaired.
Treatment for aphasia involves speech and language therapy aimed at improving
communication skills. Therapy might include exercises to enhance language abilities, use of assistive communication devices, and strategies to compensate for lost skills. Family support
and participation in therapy are crucial for helping individuals with aphasia regain as much
language function as possible.
Voice Disorders
Voice disorders refer to problems with pitch, volume, tone, and other qualities of the voice that can affect the ability to speak clearly. These disorders are often caused by conditions that affect the vocal cords, such as vocal nodules, polyps, or paralysis. Neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease can also lead to voice disorders.
Symptoms of a voice disorder may include hoarseness, breathiness, a strained or tight voice, or a complete loss of voice. These symptoms can be chronic and may interfere with daily
communication.
Treatment for voice disorders depends on the underlying cause. It often involves working with a speech-language pathologist to learn proper vocal techniques and exercises to reduce strain on the vocal cords. In some cases, medical or surgical interventions may be necessary to treat the physical conditions affecting the voice.
Getting Started with Speech Therapy as an Adult
Speech and language disorders in adults can pose significant challenges, but with the right
diagnosis and treatment, many individuals can improve their communication abilities. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a speech or language disorder, it’s important to seek evaluation and therapy from a qualified speech-language pathologist.
At Better Speech, seeking this help is easier than ever with virtual speech therapy. Alongside
our team of over 250 licensed speech-language pathologists, you can seek the help you need from the comfort of your own home. To get started, contact our team at Better Speech today!
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Speech and Language Disorders in Adults Develop Suddenly?
Yes, speech and language disorders can develop suddenly, often as a result of a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other neurological events. A sudden onset of symptoms should prompt immediate medical evaluation and intervention.
How Do These Disorders Differ Between Adults and Children?
Are Speech and Language Disorders in Adults Permanent?
How Do Speech and Language Disorders Impact Professional Life?
How Can Family and Friends Support an Adult with These Disorders?
About the Author
Aycen Zambuto
I’m a seasoned educator in speech therapy with over six years of experience helping people navigate challenges in communication. Throughout this time, I’ve found joy in guiding individuals through a variety of therapeutic journeys, from toddlers with apraxia to seniors with dysphonia.
I’m passionate about demystifying this complex world of speech therapy and helping readers around the globe achieve clear and effective communication. When I’m not writing about speech, you’ll often find me reading, traveling or spending time with friends and family.
